Decomposition of Green Agriculture Productivity for Policy in Africa: An Application of Global Malmquist–Luenberger Index

Previous research on agricultural productivity in Africa has focused conventional Total Factor (TFP) growth rather than Green factor (GATFP) growth, thus ignoring the effect of undesirable outputs such as emissions. This raised concerns about sustainability continent. The study was designed to examine GATFP for 49 African nations from 2000 2019. We apply Global Malmquist–Luenberger (GML) Productivity Index, which complies with sustainable development agenda that promotes greater production desirable and minimising unwanted outputs. approach is also compared Malmquist (GM) Index ignores outputs, yielding TFP growth. found an average 0.6% at 0.9% suggesting actual overstated if emissions are disregarded. Both estimates fell short desired annual target 7% Comprehensive Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP). Regional mostly characterised by high (low) except Southern East Africa. two regions represent ideal situation where exceeds TFP. At country level can be divided into three scenarios: TFP; balanced both equivalent; undesired GATFP. Unfortunately, most fall last scenario. conclude policies must developed encourage